La columna generada por Postgresql falla al concatenar columnas no nulas

Intente mantener las columnas involucradas del mismo tipo, p. lanzando instance a text debería hacer el truco:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cdr_event
(
    id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
    start_time timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
    end_time timestamptz NULL,
    group_id VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    environment VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,     
    level VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,           
    schema VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,      
    instance INTEGER NOT NULL,            
    hive_instance_db_name VARCHAR(100) GENERATED ALWAYS AS (group_id||'_'||environment||'_'||level||'_'||schema||'_'||instance::text) STORED,
    hive_static_db_name VARCHAR(100) GENERATED ALWAYS AS (group_id||'_'||environment||'_'||level||'_'||schema) STORED
);

Considere usar text en lugar de varchar .

Demostración:db<>fiddle