Consulta SQL:obtener filas ordenadas de una tabla

Use una consulta recursiva (PostgreSQL versión 8.4 o posterior):

/* test data:
CREATE TABLE foo (id, r_id, a_id, p_id) AS
    SELECT  1,9,9,0
    UNION ALL SELECT 2,9,105,108
    UNION ALL SELECT 3,9,102,9
    UNION ALL SELECT 4,9,106,105
    UNION ALL SELECT 5,9,108,102        
;
*/

-- the query you need:
WITH RECURSIVE sub(s_id, s_r_id, s_a_id, s_p_id, row) AS (
    SELECT id, r_id, a_id, p_id, 1 AS row FROM foo WHERE p_id = 0
UNION ALL
    SELECT id, r_id, a_id, p_id, (row + 1)  FROM foo JOIN sub ON s_a_id = p_id
)
SELECT * FROM sub ORDER BY row;