SQL:agregue una columna con una identificación incremental para SELECCIONAR

Usa ROW_NUMBER() :

SQLFiddle

SELECT 
  name,
  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY name) AS id
FROM people;

EDITAR:

Diferencia entre ORDER BY 1 vs ORDER BY column_name

SQLFiddleDemo

SELECT 
    name,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY name) AS id
FROM people;

/* Execution Plan */
QUERY PLAN WindowAgg (cost=83.37..104.37 rows=1200 width=38)
-> Sort (cost=83.37..86.37 rows=1200 width=38)
**Sort Key: name**
-> Seq Scan on people (cost=0.00..22.00 rows=1200 width=38)

SELECT 
    name,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY 1) AS id
FROM people;

/* Execution Plan */
QUERY PLAN WindowAgg (cost=0.00..37.00 rows=1200 width=38)
-> Seq Scan on people (cost=0.00..22.00 rows=1200 width=38)

En el segundo caso no hay operación de clasificación.

También puede escribir la segunda consulta como:

SELECT 
    name,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER () AS id
FROM people;

Por qué la gente escribe ORDER BY 1 en funciones de ventana?

Porque en algunos dialectos se requiere y ORDER BY 1 actúa como marcador de posición.

Oráculo:

SELECT 
  name,
  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY 1) AS id
FROM people;

TSQL:

SELECT 
    name,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) AS id
FROM people;