En este artículo, le mostraremos cómo instalar PostgreSQL 12 en Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04. PostgreSQL es un sistema de base de datos de código abierto y es poderoso como otros sistemas de bases de datos relacionales.
Puede ver la página de lanzamiento de postgreSQL 12.
Pasos para instalar PostgreSQL 12 en Ubuntu
Paso 1:Actualice el sistema Ubuntu
Siempre se recomienda actualizar el sistema antes de instalar PostgreSQL.
sudo apt update
Paso 2:Instale el paquete necesario
sudo apt -y install vim bash-completion wget
Si el paquete ya está instalado, obtendrá el siguiente resultado, puede ignorarlo.
Salida de muestra:
root@PostgreSQL:~# sudo apt -y install vim bash-completion wget Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done bash-completion is already the newest version (1:2.11-2ubuntu1). vim is already the newest version (2:8.2.0716-3ubuntu2). wget is already the newest version (1.20.3-1ubuntu1). wget set to manually installed. The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: virtualbox-guest-utils Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded. root@PostgreSQL:~#
Paso 3:Agregue el repositorio de PostgreSQL 12
wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ `lsb_release -cs`-pgdg main" |sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
Paso 4:Instale PostgreSQL 12 en Ubuntu
sudo apt update sudo apt -y install postgresql-12 postgresql-client-12
Salida de muestra:
root@PostgreSQL:~# sudo apt -y install postgresql-12 postgresql-client-12 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: virtualbox-guest-utils Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it. The following additional packages will be installed: libcommon-sense-perl libjson-perl libjson-xs-perl libpq5 libtypes-serialiser-perl pgdg-keyring postgresql-client-common postgresql-common sysstat Suggested packages: postgresql-doc-12 isag The following NEW packages will be installed: libcommon-sense-perl libjson-perl libjson-xs-perl libpq5 libtypes-serialiser-perl pgdg-keyring postgresql-12 postgresql-client-12 postgresql-client-common postgresql-common sysstat 0 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded. Need to get 17.5 MB of archives. After this operation, 59.4 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 libpq5 amd64 13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1 [177 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libcommon-sense-perl amd64 3.75-1build2 [20.5 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libjson-perl all 4.02000-2 [80.9 kB] Get:4 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 pgdg-keyring all 2018.2 [10.7 kB] Get:5 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-client-common all 226.pgdg20.10+1 [90.6 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libtypes-serialiser-perl all 1.0-1 [12.1 kB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 libjson-xs-perl amd64 4.020-1build1 [83.7 kB] Get:8 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-client-12 amd64 12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1 [1,429 kB] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 sysstat amd64 12.4.0-1 [471 kB] Get:10 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-common all 226.pgdg20.10+1 [246 kB] Get:11 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt groovy-pgdg/main amd64 postgresql-12 amd64 12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1 [14.9 MB] Fetched 17.5 MB in 15s (1,141 kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously unselected package libcommon-sense-perl. (Reading database ... 192977 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-libcommon-sense-perl_3.75-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libcommon-sense-perl (3.75-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjson-perl. Preparing to unpack .../01-libjson-perl_4.02000-2_all.deb ... Unpacking libjson-perl (4.02000-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libtypes-serialiser-perl. Preparing to unpack .../02-libtypes-serialiser-perl_1.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking libtypes-serialiser-perl (1.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjson-xs-perl. Preparing to unpack .../03-libjson-xs-perl_4.020-1build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libjson-xs-perl (4.020-1build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libpq5:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../04-libpq5_13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpq5:amd64 (13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package pgdg-keyring. Preparing to unpack .../05-pgdg-keyring_2018.2_all.deb ... Unpacking pgdg-keyring (2018.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-common. Preparing to unpack .../06-postgresql-client-common_226.pgdg20.10+1_all.deb ... Unpacking postgresql-client-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-client-12. Preparing to unpack .../07-postgresql-client-12_12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1_amd64.deb .. . Unpacking postgresql-client-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-common. Preparing to unpack .../08-postgresql-common_226.pgdg20.10+1_all.deb ... Adding 'diversion of /usr/bin/pg_config to /usr/bin/pg_config.libpq-dev by post gresql-common' Unpacking postgresql-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-12. Preparing to unpack .../09-postgresql-12_12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking postgresql-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Selecting previously unselected package sysstat. Preparing to unpack .../10-sysstat_12.4.0-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking sysstat (12.4.0-1) ... Setting up pgdg-keyring (2018.2) ... Removing apt.postgresql.org key from trusted.gpg: OK Setting up libpq5:amd64 (13.3-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Setting up libcommon-sense-perl (3.75-1build2) ... Setting up libtypes-serialiser-perl (1.0-1) ... Setting up libjson-perl (4.02000-2) ... Setting up sysstat (12.4.0-1) ... Creating config file /etc/default/sysstat with new version update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/sar.sysstat to provide /usr/bin/sar (sar) i n auto mode Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysstat.service.wants/sysstat-collect.timer → /lib/systemd/system/sysstat-collect.timer. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysstat.service.wants/sysstat-summary.timer → /lib/systemd/system/sysstat-summary.timer. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sysstat.service → / lib/systemd/system/sysstat.service. Setting up postgresql-client-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Setting up libjson-xs-perl (4.020-1build1) ... Setting up postgresql-client-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/12/man/man1/psql.1.gz to provi de /usr/share/man/man1/psql.1.gz (psql.1.gz) in auto mode Setting up postgresql-common (226.pgdg20.10+1) ... Adding user postgres to group ssl-cert Creating config file /etc/postgresql-common/createcluster.conf with new version Building PostgreSQL dictionaries from installed myspell/hunspell packages... en_us Removing obsolete dictionary files: Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql.service → /lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service. Setting up postgresql-12 (12.7-1.pgdg20.10+1) ... Creating new PostgreSQL cluster 12/main ... /usr/lib/postgresql/12/bin/initdb -D /var/lib/postgresql/12/main --auth-local p eer --auth-host md5 The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8". The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8". The default text search configuration will be set to "english". Data page checksums are disabled. fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/12/main ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting default time zone ... America/New_York creating configuration files ... ok running bootstrap script ... ok performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok Success. You can now start the database server using: pg_ctlcluster 12 main start Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file 12 main 5432 down postgres /var/lib/postgresql/12/main /var/log/postgresq l/postgresql-12-main.log update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/12/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz (postmaster.1.gz) in auto mode Processing triggers for systemd (246.6-1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.3-2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.32-0ubuntu3) ... root@PostgreSQL:~#
Paso 5:Comprobar el estado del servicio de PostgreSQL
systemctl status postgresql.service
Salida de muestra:
root@PostgreSQL:~# systemctl status postgresql.service ● postgresql.service - PostgreSQL RDBMS Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor p> Active: active (exited) since Sun 2021-05-16 09:17:56 EDT; 1min 56s ago Main PID: 10932 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Tasks: 0 (limit: 4648) Memory: 0B CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql.service May 16 09:17:56 PostgreSQL systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL RDBMS... May 16 09:17:56 PostgreSQL systemd[1]: Finished PostgreSQL RDBMS. root@PostgreSQL:~#
Paso 6:Conectar PostgreSQL
sudo su - postgres
Paso 7:restablecer la contraseña de PostgreSQL
Se recomienda restablecer la contraseña a una contraseña segura
psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongAdminP@ssw0rd'"
Salida de muestra:
root@PostgreSQL:~# sudo su - postgres postgres@PostgreSQL:~$ postgres@PostgreSQL:~$ psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongAdminP@ssw0rd'" ALTER ROLE postgres@PostgreSQL:~$
Paso 8:crear una base de datos de PostgreSQL
$ psql $ CREATE DATABASE firsttestdb; $ CREATE USER testuser1 WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'MyDBP@ss0rd'; $ GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE firsttestdb to testuser1;
Enumere la base de datos PostgreSQL :
$\l
Cómo conectarse a la base de datos PostgreSQL:
\c firsttestdb
Salida de muestra:
postgres=# \c firsttestdb You are now connected to database "firsttestdb" as user "postgres". firsttestdb=#
Ahora, veremos cómo permitir conexiones remotas a PostgreSQL DB.
Paso 9:permitir la conexión remota a la base de datos de PostgreSQL
sudo nano /etc/postgresql/12/main/postgresql.conf
Descomente la línea "listen_addresses ='*' “
Guarde el archivo y reinicie el servicio PostgreSQL
sudo systemctl restart postgresql
Paso 10:Comprobar la dirección de escucha
netstat -tunelp | grep 5432
Salida de muestra:
root@PostgreSQL:~# netstat -antple | grep 5432 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 135 253939 13850/postgres tcp6 0 0 :::5432 :::* LISTEN 135 253940 13850/postgres root@PostgreSQL:~#
Fin del artículo, hemos visto cómo instalar PostgreSQL 12 en Ubuntu 20.04/18.04/16.04.
