¿Cómo consultar matrices anidadas en una columna json de postgres?

Usa jsonb_array_elements() en unión lateral tantas veces como la profundidad de una matriz json qué elementos desea comparar:

select 
    schools->>'school_id' school_id,
    addresses->>'addr_id' addr_id,
    addresses->>'house_description' house_description,
    addresses->>'house_no' house_no
from title_register_data,
jsonb_array_elements(address_data->'schools') schools,
jsonb_array_elements(schools->'addresses') addresses
where addresses->>'house_description' = addresses->>'house_no';

 school_id | addr_id | house_description | house_no 
-----------+---------+-------------------+----------
 1         | 4       | 1                 | 1
(1 row)