Puedes unirte a kickscooter_control_units en su subquery el uso exists palabra clave en lugar de IN.
select *
from rents r
where
exists
(select 1
from support_works sw
join kickscooters k on k.serial_number = sw.serial_number
join kickscooter_control_units kcu on kcu.kickscooter_id = k.id and kcu.particle_product_id in (9358, 9383)
where
sw.work_type = 'deploy' and
(sw.updated_at between '2019-11-01 02:00:00' and '2019-11-01 10:00:00'))
Según su escenario, parece que está filtrando el ID . exists solo aplicable si desea verificar si cierta subquery contiene valores.
select *
from rents r
where
r.kickscooter_id in
(select k.id
from support_works sw
join kickscooters k on k.serial_number = sw.serial_number
join kickscooter_control_units kcu on kcu.kickscooter_id = k.id and kcu.particle_product_id in (9358, 9383)
where
sw.work_type = 'deploy' and
(sw.updated_at between '2019-11-01 02:00:00' and '2019-11-01 10:00:00'))
