En realidad, puede actualizarlo envolviéndolo en una subconsulta (creando así una tabla temporal para el resultado )
UPDATE `subschedulesseats` m
SET m.studentid='1'
WHERE m.`seatid`=
(
SELECT seatID
FROM
(
SELECT h.`seatid`
FROM `subschedulesseats` h
WHERE h.`sessiontime`='02:30~04:00'
ORDER BY h.`seatid` ASC
LIMIT 2,1
) s
)
o usando JOIN
UPDATE `subschedulesseats` m
INNER JOIN
(
SELECT seatID
FROM
(
SELECT h.`seatid`
FROM `subschedulesseats` h
WHERE h.`sessiontime`='02:30~04:00'
ORDER BY h.`seatid` ASC
LIMIT 2,1
) s
) t ON m.seatID = t.seatID
SET m.studentid = '1'