No tengo idea de por qué SQL Fiddle es diferente al resultado real, pero logré que me funcionara en PHP. Utilice la siguiente consulta:
SELECT
c.procno,
CONCAT(CASE WHEN cnt > 1 THEN CONCAT(RN,'-') ELSE '' END, t.Proc) Proc
FROM
(
SELECT
@curRow:=CASE WHEN @prevRow = a.Proc THEN @curRow+1 ELSE 1 END AS rn,
a.Proc,
a.Procno,
@prevRow:=Proc grp
FROM (
SELECT
`incurredcharges`.`procedure_no` procno,
`c`.`procedure` proc
FROM
incurredcharges
INNER JOIN (
SELECT `procedure`, `procedure_no` FROM `charges`
UNION ALL
SELECT `confinement`, `procedure_no` FROM `confinement`
UNION ALL
SELECT `service`, `procedure_no` FROM `ultrasound`
) c ON `incurredcharges`.`procedure_no` = c.`procedure_no`
WHERE `incurredcharges`.`patient_no` = '34'
ORDER BY `c`.`procedure`
) a
JOIN (SELECT @curRow:=0, @prevRow:= '') r
) t JOIN
(
SELECT
`incurredcharges`.`procedure_no` procno,
`c`.`procedure` proc, Count(*) cnt
FROM
incurredcharges
INNER JOIN (
SELECT `procedure`, `procedure_no` FROM `charges`
UNION ALL
SELECT `confinement`, `procedure_no` FROM `confinement`
UNION ALL
SELECT `service`, `procedure_no` FROM `ultrasound`
) c ON `incurredcharges`.`procedure_no` = c.`procedure_no`
WHERE `incurredcharges`.`patient_no` = '34'
GROUP BY `incurredcharges`.`procedure_no`,
`c`.`procedure`
) c ON t.proc = c.proc
Lo único que cambié fue la línea 27 de JOIN (SELECT @curRow:=0) r
para JOIN (SELECT @curRow:=0, @prevRow:= '') r