Promedio de descomposición recursivo en Sql Server 2012

Una posible alternativa sería

WITH T AS
(
SELECT      
 Value * POWER(5E-1, ROW_NUMBER() 
                     OVER (ORDER BY Row DESC)
               /* first row decays less so special cased */
              -IIF(LEAD(Value) OVER (ORDER BY Row DESC) IS NULL,1,0))
       as x
FROM Sample
)
SELECT SUM(x)
FROM T

SQL Fiddle

O para la pregunta actualizada usando 60%/40%

WITH T AS
(
SELECT   IIF(LEAD(Value) OVER (ORDER BY Row DESC) IS NULL,  1,0.6)
         * Value 
         * POWER(4E-1, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY Row DESC) -1)
       as x
FROM Sample
)
SELECT SUM(x)
FROM T

SQL Fiddle

los dos anteriores realizan un solo paso a través de los datos y potencialmente pueden usar un índice en Row INCLUDE(Value) para evitar una ordenación.