Aquí está mi solución propuesta:
DECLARE @MinDate AS DATETIME = (SELECT MIN(flight_date) FROM flights);
WITH cte
AS
(
SELECT
flight_date, DATEDIFF(DAY, @MinDate, flight_date) AS NoDays,
DATEDIFF(DAY, @MinDate, flight_date)/5 AS NoGroup,
DPT
FROM flights
)
SELECT
DATEADD(DAY, NoGroup*5, @MinDate) AS [Week Start],
DATEADD(DAY, NoGroup*5+4, @MinDate) AS [Weed End],
SUM(DPT)
FROM cte
GROUP BY NoGroup;
La idea es formar grupos de 5 días, luego asociar un registro a un grupo específico basado en la división con 5. NoDays representa los días transcurridos desde MinDate hasta Flight_Date.