La cláusula where WHERE (sales.transDate BETWEEN @fromDate AND @toDate)
eliminará cualquier semana sin ventas. Es probable que necesite hacer una subconsulta para obtener las transacciones y luego unirlas a su tabla de semanas.
SELECT Weeks.WeekNum, SUM(sales.quantity) AS sales
FROM Weeks LEFT OUTER JOIN
(
SELECT *
FROM sales
WHERE (sales.transDate BETWEEN @fromDate AND @toDate)
) sales
ON Weeks.WeekNum = DATEPART(week, sales.transDate)
GROUP BY Weeks.WeekNum