Esta información está disponible en INFORMATION_SCHEMA
vistas:
SELECT *
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE AS cu
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS AS c
ON c.TABLE_SCHEMA = cu.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND c.TABLE_CATALOG = cu.TABLE_CATALOG
AND c.TABLE_NAME = cu.TABLE_NAME
AND c.COLUMN_NAME = cu.COLUMN_NAME
WHERE cu.VIEW_NAME = '<your view name>'
AND cu.VIEW_SCHEMA = '<your view schema>'
Si su vista incluye tablas de más de una base de datos, la consulta se volverá considerablemente más compleja