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Uso de agregado condicional en SQL Server 2008

Simplemente agregue la segunda consulta en la lista de columnas de la primera consulta, ya que solo devolverá una fila. Prueba esto.

SELECT Sum(CASE
             WHEN MONTH = '2013-8-1' THEN CurrentStock
             ELSE 0
           END)                                 AS CurrentStock,
       Isnull(Sum(CASE WHEN MONTH = '2014-2-1' THEN CPU ELSE 0 END), 0) - 
       Isnull(Sum(CASE WHEN MONTH = '2013-8-1' THEN CPU ELSE 0 END), 0) AS CPU,
       Sum(CASE WHEN Month = '2013-8-1' THEN NonCPUWIP ELSE 0 END) AS NonCPU,
       Isnull(Sum(CASE WHEN MONTH = '2014-2-1' THEN ScrapDiscarded ELSE 0 END), 0) - 
       Isnull(Sum(CASE WHEN MONTH = '2013-8-1' THEN ScrapDiscarded ELSE 0 END), 0)AS Scrap,
       Sum(CASE WHEN Month = '2013-8-1' THEN WaitingForApproval ELSE 0 END) AS WFA,
       (SELECT Count(STBSerialNUMBER)
        FROM   OutStock
        WHERE  DispatchDate BETWEEN '2013-8-1' AND '2014-2-1'
                AND Vendor = 'abc' ) as Despatched
FROM   Instock I
WHERE  Vendor = 'abc'

Actualización:

Si desea el recuento de resultados de cada modelo, convierta la subquery a correlated subquery . debería ser algo como

  (SELECT Count(STBSerialNUMBER)
   FROM   OutStock O
   WHERE o.model = i.model  -- here is the change
   AND O.DispatchDate BETWEEN '2013-8-1' AND '2014-2-1'
   AND o.Vendor = 'abc')

Aquí para cada model en Instock tabular el respectivo count en el outstock será calculado.

O también puede usar Left Join . Primero calcula el conteo de cada model en Outstock tabla join el resultado de vuelta al Instock tabla usando el modelo

   ....
   From Instock I Left Join 
   (SELECT Count(STBSerialNUMBER) OutStock_count,Model
   FROM   OutStock O
   WHERE  O.DispatchDate BETWEEN '2013-8-1' AND '2014-2-1'
   AND o.Vendor = 'abc'
   Group by Model) O on o.model = i.model