Puede usar una tabla de números y position()
SELECT N.Number as ID,
-- Param 1
TBL.SParam.value('local-name((*)[1])', 'varchar(50)') as Param1Name,
TBL.SParam.value('(*)[1]', 'varchar(100)') as Param1Value,
-- Param2
TBL.SParam.value('local-name((*)[2])', 'varchar(50)') as Param2Name,
TBL.SParam.value('(*)[2]', 'varchar(100)') as Param2Value,
-- Param3
TBL.SParam.value('local-name((*)[3])', 'varchar(50)') as Param3Name,
TBL.SParam.value('(*)[3]', 'varchar(100)') as Param3Value,
-- Param 4
TBL.SParam.value('local-name((*)[4])', 'varchar(50)') as Param4Name,
TBL.SParam.value('(*)[4]', 'varchar(100)') as Param4Value,
-- Param 5
TBL.SParam.value('local-name((*)[5])', 'varchar(50)') as Param5Name,
TBL.SParam.value('(*)[5]', 'varchar(100)') as Param5Value
FROM master..spt_values as N
cross apply @xmldoc.nodes('/NewDataSet/Table1[position()=sql:column("N.Number")]') AS TBL(SParam)
where N.type = 'P' and
N.number between 1 and @xmlDoc.value('count(/NewDataSet/Table1)', 'int')
