Realicé algunas pruebas unitarias para responder mi propia pregunta en las cuatro partes.
###1:¿SQL Server almacena DateTime.UtcNow en consecuencia, o lo compensa nuevamente en función de la zona horaria donde está instalado el servidor y luego lo devuelve invertido cuando se le consulta? Ejecutó esto):
cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.UtcNow));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT CAST(val as varchar) value FROM testtbl";
Console.WriteLine(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
El resultado de esto a la 1:30 p. m. hora local (-7 h, o 8:30 p. m. UTC) fue:
Jun 3 2010 8:30PM
Luego probé esto:
cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.UtcNow));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.WriteLine("change time zone to utc");
Console.ReadLine();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT CAST(val as varchar) value FROM testtbl";
Console.WriteLine(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
Console.WriteLine("change time zone back to local");
Ejecutado a las 21:25 UTC, volvió
Jun 3 2010 9:25PM
Compare esto con DateTime.Now:
cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.Now));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.WriteLine("change time zone to utc");
Console.ReadLine();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT CAST(val as varchar) value FROM testtbl";
Console.WriteLine(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
Console.WriteLine("change time zone back to local");
Ejecutado a las 3:55 PM (local; -7h), devuelto:
Jun 3 2010 3:55PM
###2:Entonces lo consulto y lo transfiero del objeto a un DateTime después de obtenerlo de, por ejemplo, una columna IDataReader. ¿Este objeto System.DateTime emitido ya sabe que es una instancia de UTC DateTime o asume que se ha compensado?
Ninguno.
cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.UtcNow));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT val value FROM testtbl";
var retval = (DateTime)cmd.ExecuteScalar();
Console.WriteLine("Kind: " + retval.Kind);
Console.WriteLine("UTC: " + retval.ToUniversalTime().ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Local: " + retval.ToLocalTime().ToString());
El resultado de esto (ejecutado a las 13:58 hora local) fue:
Kind: Unspecified
UTC: 6/4/2010 3:58:42 AM
Local: 6/3/2010 1:58:42 PM
Es decir, .ToUniversalTime() terminó compensando de la hora local a la hora UTC no una sino dos veces (??), y .ToLocalTime() terminó sin compensar en absoluto.
###3:¿ADO.NET pasa el desplazamiento a SQL Server y SQL Server almacena DateTime.Now con los metadatos de desplazamiento?
Sin realizar ninguna prueba unitaria, ya se sabe que la respuesta es el tipo SQL "solo con DateTimeOffset". datetime de SQL no hace compensaciones.
###4:¿Este objeto System.DateTime emitido ya sabe que es una hora de compensación o asume que es UTC?
Ninguno de los dos. El tipo DateTimeOffset de SQL se devuelve como una estructura .NET DateTimeOffset.
Lo siguiente se ejecutó a las 3:31 p. m., hora local, donde la columna offval es un tipo de SQL datetimeoffset,
cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (offval) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.Now));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT offval value FROM testtbl";
object retvalobj = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
Console.WriteLine("Type: " + retvalobj.GetType().Name);
var retval = (DateTimeOffset)retvalobj;
Console.WriteLine("ToString(): " + retval.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("UTC: " + retval.ToUniversalTime().ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Local: " + retval.ToLocalTime().ToString());
Esto resultó en:
Type: DateTimeOffset
ToString(): 6/3/2010 3:31:47 PM +00:00
UTC: 6/3/2010 3:31:47 PM +00:00
Local: 6/3/2010 8:31:47 AM -07:00
Una disparidad sorprendente.
Volviendo atrás y ejecutando la prueba de la pregunta n.º 1 anterior usando DateTime.Now en lugar de DateTime.UtcNow, validé que ADO.NET NO se convierte a la hora universal antes de almacenarlo en la base de datos.
Es decir, esto se ejecutó a las 3:27 PM hora local (-7h):
cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.Now));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.WriteLine("change time zone to utc");
Console.ReadLine();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT CAST(val as varchar) value FROM testtbl";
Console.WriteLine(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
Console.WriteLine("change time zone back to local");
.. devuelto ..
Jun 3 2010 3:27PM
Ejecutando esto a las 3:17 PM hora local:
cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.UtcNow));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT val FROM testtbl";
var result = (DateTime)cmd.ExecuteScalar();
Console.WriteLine("Kind: " + result.Kind);
Console.WriteLine("ToString(): " + result.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(1) > DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is greater than Now? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(1) > DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(1) < DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is less than Now? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(1) < DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(-1) > DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is greater than Now? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(-1) > DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(-1) < DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is less than Now? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(-1) < DateTime.Now).ToString());
Resultó en:
Kind: Unspecified
ToString(): 6/3/2010 10:17:05 PM
Add 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? True
Add 1 minute, is greater than Now? True
Add 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? False
Add 1 minute, is less than Now? False
Subtract 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? False
Subtract 1 minute, is greater than Now? True
Subtract 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? True
Subtract 1 minute, is less than Now? False
Compare esto con DateTime.Now:
cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO testtbl (val) VALUES (@newval)";
cmd.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@newval", DateTime.Now));
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT val FROM testtbl";
var result = (DateTime)cmd.ExecuteScalar();
Console.WriteLine("Kind: " + result.Kind);
Console.WriteLine("ToString(): " + result.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(1) > DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is greater than Now? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(1) > DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(1) < DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Add 1 minute, is less than Now? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(1) < DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(-1) > DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is greater than Now? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(-1) > DateTime.Now).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(-1) < DateTime.UtcNow).ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Subtract 1 minute, is less than Now? "
+ (result.AddMinutes(-1) < DateTime.Now).ToString());
Ejecutado a las 15:58 (local, -7h):
Kind: Unspecified
ToString(): 6/3/2010 3:59:26 PM
Add 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? False
Add 1 minute, is greater than Now? True
Add 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? True
Add 1 minute, is less than Now? False
Subtract 1 minute, is greater than UtcNow? False
Subtract 1 minute, is greater than Now? False
Subtract 1 minute, is less than UtcNow? True
Subtract 1 minute, is less than Now? True
