Debe convertir el texto en binario (o utilizar una intercalación que distinga entre mayúsculas y minúsculas).
With temp as
(
select 'Test' as name
UNION ALL
select 'TEST'
UNION ALL
select 'test'
UNION ALL
select 'tester'
UNION ALL
select 'tester'
)
Select Name, COUNT(name)
From temp
Group By Name, Cast(name As varbinary(100))
Usando una intercalación:
Select Name Collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS, COUNT(name)
From temp
Group By Name Collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS